Queen Idia of Benin Kingdom

By Onye Njem

HISTORY

*A painting of Queen Idia

Queen👑 Idia of Benin Kingdom was a notable historical figure who played a significant role in the pre-colonial era of Africa. She was the mother of the great Oba of Benin, Oba Esigie, who ruled the kingdom from 1504 to 1550. Her contribution to the development of the Benin Kingdom is still celebrated today, over 500 years after her reign.

Queen Idia was born in the 16th century, in what is now known as Edo State in Nigeria. She was married to Oba Ozolua, the Oba of Benin at the time, and was the mother of his heir, Esigie. As a queen, Idia was not only a political figure but also a spiritual one. She was a powerful priestess of the West African religion, which was the dominant religion in the Benin Kingdom at the time. Her role in the Benin Kingdom was crucial, as she helped to unify the kingdom and bring about political stability. During her husband’s reign, the kingdom was facing external threats from neighboring tribes, and internal conflicts among the nobility. Idia played a key role in helping her husband overcome these challenges, using her political and spiritual influence to support him.

She also accompanied her husband on military campaigns, providing strategic counsel and inspiration to the troops. After her husband’s death, she continued to be a powerful figure in the kingdom, serving as a regent for her son Esigie until he came of age to rule. During her regency, she helped to establish trade routes with neighboring kingdoms, further strengthening the economic and political power of the Benin Kingdom.

*A bronze Plaque depicting Queen Idia

Queen Idia’s most enduring legacy, however, was her contribution to the cultural and artistic heritage of the Benin Kingdom. She was a patron of the arts, and it was under her patronage that some of the most iconic works of Benin art were created. The most famous of these works is the ivory mask of Queen Idia, which is now housed in the British Museum in London. The mask depicts Queen Idia with intricate details and elaborate headdress, symbolizing her political and spiritual power. Her legacy continues to inspire people today, not only in Nigeria but across the world.

Her story is a testament to the important role that women have played in shaping African history and culture, despite the patriarchal structures that have often sought to marginalize them. She is a symbol of strength, courage, and resilience, and a reminder that women have always been leaders and innovators in their communities.

*Edited by Anthony Oboghene Ororho